How to set up a Minecraft SMP server

• Paper is the usual choice. It is vanilla survival with better performance and room for plugins such as land claims and shops. See Paper, Purpur or Spigot.
• Fabric if your group wants mods, such as performance mods or small additions everyone installs. See Fabric, Forge or NeoForge.
• Vanilla if you want the game exactly as it ships. Some technical players prefer it, because Paper changes how a few farms and redstone tricks behave.

You set the server type in Settings under Server software. Moving from vanilla to Paper later keeps the world as it is, so starting simple is no dead end.

Memory follows the number of players online at the same time, not the number of members. For a normal survival SMP on vanilla or Paper with a few plugins, 4 GB handles up to about 8 players at once and 8 GB up to about 24. Many plugins or a Fabric modpack need more. How much RAM for a Minecraft server has the full table.

A private SMP should have the whitelist on from the first minute. Add each member in the Players tab, or type whitelist add <name> in the console. See whitelist and operator levels.

Public SMPs usually leave the server open and rely on land claims and logging instead, which the next steps cover.

• Difficulty: normal or hard in Settings under Server settings. Peaceful takes away the danger that makes survival fun.
• Game rules in the World tab: many SMPs switch on keep inventory to take the sting out of deaths, or switch off mob griefing so creepers stop blowing holes in builds.
• PvP: decide before people join, and say it in the rules. It is one of the switches under Game rules.
• Spawn protection: by default only operators can build near the spawn. Set it to 0 in Settings if everyone should be able to build there.
• Simulation distance: around 6, with a view distance of 10, keeps farms near players running without loading a whole region. See reduce lag.

Griefing ends more SMPs than anything else. On Paper, a land claim plugin lets players protect their own builds, and a logging plugin such as CoreProtect shows who did what and lets you undo it. Stop griefing explains the layers.

Give helpers their own rights with a permissions plugin rather than full operator status: permissions with LuckPerms.

On day one of an SMP, everybody runs off in a different direction, which is exactly when a server has to generate the most new land. Pre-generate the area inside a world border before you invite everyone: pre-generate your world. Want a particular world? Pick the seed first, as in change your server's seed.

Make a backup right before you open the server, and before every big change after that: back up and restore your server.

Set an Automatic restart in Settings at an hour when nobody plays. The server warns players in chat, saves the world and is back within a minute or two.

Share the play address from the top of the control panel. Java players add it under Multiplayer; on a crossplay server Bedrock players can join too. Join your Minecraft server has the steps for both.

Write the rules down where everyone sees them, such as a pinned message in your Discord: what counts as griefing, whether PvP is allowed, and how big farms may get. Link chat to Discord connects the server chat to that Discord.

Finally, give the server its own look in the server list: change your server icon and MOTD.